About Siberian Cats

Often referred to as Russia’s national cat, the Siberian is a large, heavy-coated breed known for its agility and playful nature. Although it matures slowly, taking several years to reach full growth, the Siberian is a striking and lively cat.

While the Siberian breed may seem relatively modern, longhaired cats from northern Russia have been recorded as early as the 13th century. These cats are a testament to the adaptation required for survival in the harsh Russian climate, showcasing dense, water-repellent coats, bushy tails, and tufted paw pads. Many Siberians even have thickly furred, lynx-like ears.

Despite their Russian origins, Siberians weren’t unknown in the West. They appeared in 19th-century cat shows in England but didn’t rival the popularity of Persians, which led to a decline in promotion. It wasn’t until the 1980s that breeders began standardizing Siberians, with the first registry established in St. Petersburg. The breed gained full recognition in the 1990s, particularly after being imported to the U.S., and while still relatively rare, it has grown in popularity due to its captivating appearance and engaging personality.

Siberians take up to five years to fully mature, and despite their sturdy build, they are remarkably agile. They are affectionate, intelligent, and playful, with a unique, chirping voice and a deep, resonant purr—although they aren’t typically a vocal breed. They are known to form strong bonds with their owners and love to leap, explore, and interact with their surroundings.

Appearance

Siberians are robust, muscular cats with a rounded body, distinguishing them from the boxier appearance of breeds like the Norwegian Forest Cat and the Maine Coon. They have large, wide-set yellow-green eyes and rounded ears with tufted tips. Their coat consists of a short, dense undercoat and a moderately long outercoat, accentuated by a thick neck ruff. Siberians come in a variety of colors and patterns, with brown tabbies being especially popular.

Grooming

Despite their thick coats, Siberians are relatively low maintenance. A twice-weekly combing is usually sufficient to prevent matting and keep their coats tangle-free.

Siberian Cat Breed History

The history of the Siberian cat can be viewed in two phases. The first phase traces back to ancient Russia, where these cats were known as "fluffy cats." Though there was no formal breed standard at that time, Siberians adapted over centuries to Russia’s cold climate, developing thick, water-resistant coats. They are believed to be related to other long-haired breeds like the Norwegian Forest Cat, and possibly even the ancestors of all modern long-haired cats.

The second phase of the breed's history began in the late 1980s, when formal breeding efforts started in Russia after the first cat shows in Moscow and Leningrad. This was when the Siberian cat as we know it today began to take shape, with breeders establishing standards for the breed. By 1990, Siberians were imported to the United States, where they quickly gained popularity, though their scarcity outside of Russia has kept them relatively rare.

Siberians in Russian Culture

Siberian cats have long been part of Russian folklore, where they were said to guard homes and protect the elderly and children. These cats were known for their ability to thrive in Russia’s cold climate, especially in the harsh conditions of Siberia. Though the name "Siberian" suggests a connection to this region, it’s likely a myth, as these cats were found throughout Russia, particularly wherever their thick coats helped them survive.

In fact, after the siege of Leningrad during World War II, Siberian cats helped rid the city of rats, a testament to their resilience and importance. In the 1980s, the Soviet cat fancy scene gained momentum, with shows held in major cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg. During these shows, breeders began to establish the Siberian as a recognized breed, and two famous Siberians—Mars and Roman—were among the first to set the standard.

Modern Siberian Cats

Since the breed was officially recognized, Siberian cats have captured the attention of cat fanciers worldwide. The first Siberians were imported to the U.S. in 1990, and by 2002, the breed had reached the UK, followed by Australia in 2003. Despite their rarity, Siberians are increasingly sought after for their striking appearance, friendly personality, and historic ties to Russian culture.

Today, the Siberian cat remains a symbol of Russia, beloved for its hardy nature and affectionate, loyal temperament.